直接引语（直接引用别人原句的方式）

例句

如小明说：“我是一个学生”。

以直接引语表达则可以为“

小明他说‘我是一个学生’

以间接引语表达则可以为“

小明说他是一个学生

直接与间接

1、直接引语如果表示客观真理，变间接引语时，时态不变。

2、主句谓语为一般现在时，变间接引语时，若主句谓语时态不变仍为一般现在时，从句时态也不变。

3、直接引语有明确表示时间的词语，变间接引语时，时态不变。

4、若直接引语中含有could,must,should等情态动词，变间接引语时，时态不变。

5、直接引述别人原话，叫直接引语。

6、用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。

I.时态变化

直接引语变为间接引语时，若主句为过去时态，变为间接引语的宾语从句的时态如下表：

如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to，must, need)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。

2时间状语，地点状语，指示代词、动词

直接引语变为间接引语时，有些时间状语，地点状语，指示代词和动词也要作相应的变动。

注：直接引语转换成间接引语时的变化应视实际情况而定。假如就在当天转述，today，yesterday，tomorrow等就不需改变；如果在当地转述，here也不必改为there，come也不必改为go。另外，直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。

II.如何变句型

①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如：

She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."

→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.

②直接引语如果是反意疑问句、选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.

如：

He said, "Can you swim, John?"

→He asked John if he could swim.

"You have finished the homework, haven‘t you?" my mother asked.

→My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.

"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?"

→He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.

③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈

述句语序）。

She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"

→ She asked me when they had their dinner.

④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为"tell (ask) sb (not) to do sth."句型。

"Don’t make any noise," she said to the children.

→She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise.

"Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.

→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.

⑤直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动名词（或从句）。”如：

He said, "Let’s go to the film."

→He suggested going to the film.

或He suggested that they should go to see the film.

⑥直接引语是感叹句时，间接引语为what 或how 引导，也可以用that 引导。

She said, "What a lovely day it is !"

→She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day.

⑦如果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变。如：

He said to me, "I have taught English since he came here ."

→He told me that he had taught English since he came here.

III.人称变化

遵从一主二宾三不变

一主：从句的第一人称随主句的主语变化。

eg： “I have bought an expensive car , ” said the boss.→The boss said he had bought an expensive car.

二宾：从句的第二人称随主句的宾语变化。

eg: I often tell him , "You are the luckiest boy I have ever seen . " → I often tell him he is the luckiest boy I have ever seen . “

三不变：从句的第三人称不需要变化。

IV.注意

在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。

①直接引语是客观真理。

②主句谓语为一般现在时，变间接引语时，若主句谓语时态不变仍为一般现在时，从句时态也不变。

③直接引语是一般现在时，且表示反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：

He said, "I get up at six every morning。" →He said he gets up at six every morning。

④直接引语为谚语警句或名人名言时，时态不变。

⑤直接引语为客观事实真理，时态不变，常考的有：

Light travels faster than sound.光速比声速快。

The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。

The moon goes around the earth.月球绕着地球转。